Technical Note ◆ gp01-pd1-vegf-landscape

PD-1 × VEGF-A 靶标配对全景:正在发生什么,为什么重要

Target — Application — Hub bsab 最近审校 2026-08-19 阅读 ~11 min 证据源 clinicaltrials.gov; Akeso/Summit IR; NMPA; FDA

PD-1 × VEGF-A 靶标配对全景:正在发生什么,为什么重要

1. Executive Snapshot · 概览

PD-1 × VEGF-A 是双抗开发中商业势能最强的检查点 × 抗血管生成配对,也是争议最集中的配对。一个分子——[依沃西单抗 ivonescimab(AK112/SMT112;康方 → Summit)](https://www.akesobio.com/en/rd-and-science/products-center/ivonescimab/),全球首个四价、Fc 静默双抗([JITC](https://jitc.bmj.com/content/11/Suppl_1/A1316))——主导了整个赛道:中国 NMPA 三项获批、美国 BLA 已受理(PDUFA 2026-11-14),并在头对头中赢得对帕博利珠单抗的 PFS 胜利(风险降低 49%,HARMONi-2)。交易引力极高——Summit–Akeso 总额最高 50 亿美元(2022)、BMS–BioNTech 就邻近的 pumitamig 给出约 110 亿美元(2025)。负面信号同样真实:HARMONi-2 的 OS(风险降低 22.3%)远逊于 PFS,HARMONi-3 中期 OS 未达,西方患者获益看起来更薄。直接竞争稀少(四个在册资产)且临床纵深几乎全在一家公司手里——一个证据脆弱的热门配对。

2. Asset Landscape · 资产格局

临床前

  • CTX-10726(Compass,NASDAQ: CMPX):自称"差异化"的 PD-1×VEGF-A 双抗;SITC 2025 数据声称 PD-1 阻断改善([Compass PR](https://www.nasdaq.com/press-release/compass-therapeutics-presents-preclinical-data-ctx-10726-differentiated-pd-1-x-vegf))。

临床

  • CR-001(Crescent,NASDAQ: CBIO):PD-1×VEGF-A 双抗,全球 I/II 期 ASCEND 研究;首例患者已给药;ASCO 2026 TiP([marketscreener](https://in.marketscreener.com/news/crescent-biopharma-announces-trial-in-progress-presentation-for-ascend-study-of-cr-001-a-pd-1-x-veg-ce7f5adfd98cf62c))。
  • SIM0689(先声药业):NMPA 临床试验批准 2026-06-12;尚未进入临床([先声公告](https://www.cnfin.com/announ/detail/index.html?id=834631705597&code=02096&dannoun=hkdetail&announ=hk))。

已上市

  • 依沃西单抗(依达方®, AK112/SMT112) — NMPA 获批:2L EGFRm NSCLC + 化疗(2024-05,HARMONi-A)([Summit PR](https://smmttx.com/news/press-releases/news-details/2024/Ivonescimab-in-Combination-with-Chemotherapy-Approved-in-China-by-NMPA-for-2L-EGFRm-NSCLC-based-on-HARMONi-A-Clinical-Trial-Positive-Trend-Observed-in-Overall-Survival-towards-Ivonescimab-Plus-Chemotherapy-05-31-2024-12-00-AM/));1L PD-L1+ NSCLC(2025-04-28,HARMONi-2)([OncLive](https://www.onclive.com/view/ivonescimab-wins-nmpa-approval-in-china-for-first-line-pd-l1-advanced-nsclc));1L 鳞状 NSCLC + 化疗(2026-08-12,HARMONi-6)([Morningstar/PR](https://www.morningstar.com/news/business-wire/20260812443578/ivonescimab-in-combination-with-chemotherapy-approved-in-china-by-nmpa-for-first-line-treatment-of-patients-with-squamous-non-small-cell-lung-cancer))。美国 BLA 已受理 2026-01-29(EGFRm 后线),PDUFA 2026-11-14([Summit PR](https://content-archive.fast-edgar.com/20260129/AKZZC22CZ22SU2Z2222S22ZZHN3TZZGS7582/a2026_prx0129xfdablaacce.htm))。

已终止

  • 未发现 PD-1×VEGF-A 直接终止案例——可能是数据缺口。邻近警示:bintrafusp alfa(PD-L1×TGF-β)肺癌 III 期失败([pharmaphorum](https://pharmaphorum.com/news/gsk-merck-cos-hopeful-bintrafusp-alfa-fails-in-key-lung-cancer-trial));ImmuneOnco 于 2026-01 在 Axion Bio 终止后收回 IMM2510(PD-L1×VEGF)权益(交易总额超 20 亿美元)([ImmuneOnco PR](https://cn.immuneonco.com/news/gsdynamics/594.html))。

3. Companies · 公司

  • 原研: 康方生物(HKEX: 09926)——ivonescimab 原研,中国权益。
  • 授权方: Summit(NASDAQ: SMMT)——经 2022-12 授权获得美/加/欧/日权益,总额最高 50 亿美元([Akeso PR](https://akesobio.com/en/media/akeso-news/20221206/));实质上是单一资产公司。
  • 跟随者: Compass(CTX-10726)、Crescent(CR-001)、先声(SIM0689)。
  • 邻近 PD-L1×VEGF: Biotheus → BioNTech(首付 8 亿美元收购,2024-11)→ BMS 全球共同开发 pumitamig(2025-06,约 100 亿欧元/约 110 亿美元)([Nasdaq](https://www.nasdaq.com/articles/biontech-acquire-biotheus-upfront-consideration-800m)、[European Biotechnology](https://european-biotechnology.com/latest-news/super-deal-for-biontech-bms-licenses-potential-blockbuster-for-e10bn/))。
  • 大药企态度: BMS 经 pumitamig 入场;约 150 亿美元阿斯利康对 Summit/ivonescimab 的兴趣(2026 年 6 月)是未经证实的传闻,并非事实([pharmaphorum](https://pharmaphorum.com/news/summit-climbs-rumour-15bn-astrazeneca-interest));默沙东公开质疑双抗能否胜过 PD-1 单抗 + 抗 VEGF 单抗联合([biopharmadive](https://www.biopharmadive.com/news/pharma-merck-summit-vegf-pd1-drug-research-cancer/822035/))。

4. Clinical & Deal Timeline · 临床与交易时间线

日期事件来源
2022-12Summit–Akeso 授权,总额最高 50 亿美元(美/加/欧/日)[Akeso PR](https://akesobio.com/en/media/akeso-news/20221206/)
2024-05NMPA 批准 #1(2L EGFRm NSCLC);HARMONi-A 发表于 JAMA(PFS 阳性)[Summit PR](https://smmttx.com/news/press-releases/news-details/2024/Ivonescimab-in-Combination-with-Chemotherapy-Approved-in-China-by-NMPA-for-2L-EGFRm-NSCLC-based-on-HARMONi-A-Clinical-Trial-Positive-Trend-Observed-in-Overall-Survival-towards-Ivonescimab-Plus-Chemotherapy-05-31-2024-12-00-AM/)、[JAMA](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38820549/)
2024-09HARMONi-2 对比帕博利珠单抗:PFS 风险降低 49%[Nasdaq PR](https://www.nasdaq.com/press-release/ivonescimab-monotherapy-reduced-risk-disease-progression-or-death-49-compared)
2024-11BioNTech 收购 Biotheus(首付 8 亿美元,最高约 9.5 亿;获得 pumitamig)[Nasdaq](https://www.nasdaq.com/articles/biontech-acquire-biotheus-upfront-consideration-800m)
2025-04HARMONi-2 OS(AACR):风险降低 22.3% ≪ PFS → Summit 股价暴跌[FiercePharma](https://www.fiercepharma.com/pharma/summit-stock-crashes-akeso-shares-bispecifics-first-overall-survival-data-keytruda-head-head)
2025-04-28NMPA 批准 #2(1L PD-L1+ NSCLC)[OncLive](https://www.onclive.com/view/ivonescimab-wins-nmpa-approval-in-china-for-first-line-pd-l1-advanced-nsclc)
2025-06BMS–BioNTech pumitamig 全球交易(约 100 亿欧元/约 110 亿美元)[European Biotechnology](https://european-biotechnology.com/latest-news/super-deal-for-biontech-bms-licenses-potential-blockbuster-for-e10bn/)
2025-10HARMONi-3 中期 OS 未达 → 改为按组织学分层分析;5 亿美元增发取消[Biospace](https://www.biospace.com/drug-development/summits-bispecific-misses-survival-endpoint-in-global-phase-iii-trial-but-analysts-remain-optimistic)
2026-01-29FDA 受理 BLA;PDUFA 2026-11-14[Summit PR](https://content-archive.fast-edgar.com/20260129/AKZZC22CZ22SU2Z2222S22ZZHN3TZZGS7582/a2026_prx0129xfdablaacce.htm)
2026-05-31HARMONi-6 OS(ASCO 2026):对比替雷利珠单抗+化疗风险降低 34%;后发表于 The Lancet[Summit release](https://www.tradeshownews.com/news/home/20260531161413/en/Ivonescimab-with-Chemotherapy-Demonstrated-a-Statistically-Significant-Overall-Survival-Benefit-Compared-to-Tislelizumab-Plus-Chemotherapy-in-1L-Treatment-of-Patients-with-Squamous-NSCLC-in-the-HARMONi-6-Study-Conducted-by-Akeso-in-China)、[Lancet](https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0140673626009669)
2026-08-12NMPA 批准 #3(1L 鳞状 NSCLC + 化疗)[Morningstar/PR](https://www.morningstar.com/news/business-wire/20260812443578/ivonescimab-in-combination-with-chemotherapy-approved-in-china-by-nmpa-for-first-line-treatment-of-patients-with-squamous-non-small-cell-lung-cancer)

5. Risks & Failures · 风险与失败

  • OS/PFS 脱节: HARMONi-2 OS(风险降低 22.3%,HR≈0.777)远逊于 49% 的 PFS 信号;AACR 2025 读出时 Summit 股价暴跌([FiercePharma](https://www.fiercepharma.com/pharma/summit-stock-crashes-akeso-shares-bispecifics-first-overall-survival-data-keytruda-head-head))。
  • HARMONi-3 中期 OS 未达(2025-10): 全球 III 期未过中期 OS 门槛;Summit 改为组织学分层分析并取消 5 亿美元增发([Biospace](https://www.biospace.com/drug-development/summits-bispecific-misses-survival-endpoint-in-global-phase-iii-trial-but-analysts-remain-optimistic))。
  • 西方患者信号更弱: Summit 10-Q 披露,含全部西方患者的更长随访 PFS 显示获益下降——这是"中国 vs 西方"注册风险的核心([Summit 10-Q](https://www.publicnow.com/view/14DA238BDACD2F37EB4EE19A2AD34E31281D1135))。
  • HARMONi-6 收窄(未经独立证实): 第三次获批时,行业媒体报道生存获益随随访延长而减弱——为报道,未经独立证实([thebiointel](https://www.thebiointel.com/article/summit-and-akeso-win-third-china-approval-for-ivonescimab-as-harmoni-6-survival-signal-weakens))。
  • FDA 风险: 审评依赖单一国家数据,且人群为 EGFRm 后线([intelligencia](https://www.intelligencia.ai/pd1-vegf-bispecifics-fda-risk-analysis/))。
  • 论点之争: 单分子共接合是否胜过 PD-1 单抗 + 抗 VEGF 单抗联合给药?([biopharmadive](https://www.biopharmadive.com/news/pharma-merck-summit-vegf-pd1-drug-research-cancer/822035/))
  • 类效应安全性(未经独立证实): 抗 VEGF 毒性(出血、高血压、蛋白尿)叠加 PD-1 irAE;详细表格未公开。
  • 集中度风险: 一个资产承载整个直接配对论点;三个跟随者仍处临床前/早期。

6. Discovery Questions · 研发问题

  • 共接合 vs 联合: 单分子双结合加 TME 富集,是否胜过 PD-1 单抗 + 抗 VEGF 单抗联合给药——什么证据(富集影像、配对受体结合)能证明?
  • 格式/设计空间: 四价 Fc 静默架构是否必要,还是二价/保留效应功能的设计会移动效-毒窗口?
  • 表位与亚型覆盖: 每个 PD-1 臂对 PD-L1 与 PD-L2 的阻断比例;覆盖哪些 VEGF-A 亚型(165/121)、对 VEGFR1/R2 的选择性——这些如何调节疗效与出血风险?
  • OS 与 PFS 失配: 为什么各研究 PFS 强而 OS 弱/延迟——交叉、随访时间,还是生物学(晚期疾病中血管生成抑制受限)?
  • 中国 vs 西方: 应答差距由什么驱动(遗传、HBV/HCC 背景、TME、SOC 差异)——这是全球注册的最大不确定性?
  • 生物标志物: PD-L1 TPS(HARMONi-7 入组 TPS≥50%)、血管生成特征或 ctDNA 动力学能否预测获益?
  • 耐药与序贯: VEGF 非依赖血管生成、替代检查点(LAG-3/TIGIT)、EGFR-TKI 序贯——后续组合如何在此之上构建?
  • 跟随者差异化: CTX-10726 与 CR-001 如何对主导者卡位——表位、效应功能、组织特异性还是适应证?

7. Why This Matters Now · 为什么是现在

过去 12 个月的变化: 该配对从"有希望的中国数据"进入全球注册关键期——第三次 NMPA 获批(2026-08-12)、FDA BLA 带 2026 年 11 月 PDUFA、HARMONi-6 取得统计学显著的 OS 胜利并发表于 The Lancet、邻近类别约 110 亿美元验证(BMS–BioNTech)。与此同时,HARMONi-3 中期 OS 未达、HARMONi-2 OS 令人失望、西方患者 PFS 更弱、以及 HARMONi-6 获益收窄的 Grade C 报道,揭示了这对配对的核心脆弱性:PFS 在赢,OS 证据仍不一致。

为什么重要: 这对配对是检验"双抗检查点 × 抗血管生成"论点——一个分子、两种机制、TME 协同——能否站上注册级别的活体实验。2026 年 11 月的 PDUFA 对整个领域是二元的:获批即验证共接合经济学,并把资本拉向跟随者(CTX-10726、CR-001、SIM0689);错过或窄标签则强化"联合两个单抗就够了"的论点,压低邻近 PD-L1×VEGF 估值。直接竞争稀少意味着未来 12–24 个月将决定:ivonescimab 是一家公司的独家特许,还是一个争夺中的品类。

8. Sources · 来源

  • [JITC: ivonescimab MOA abstract](https://jitc.bmj.com/content/11/Suppl_1/A1316)
  • [Akeso PR: Summit–Akeso license (2022-12)](https://akesobio.com/en/media/akeso-news/20221206/)
  • [Summit PR: NMPA approval #1 / HARMONi-A (2024-05)](https://smmttx.com/news/press-releases/news-details/2024/Ivonescimab-in-Combination-with-Chemotherapy-Approved-in-China-by-NMPA-for-2L-EGFRm-NSCLC-based-on-HARMONi-A-Clinical-Trial-Positive-Trend-Observed-in-Overall-Survival-towards-Ivonescimab-Plus-Chemotherapy-05-31-2024-12-00-AM/)
  • [JAMA: HARMONi-A publication (2024-06)](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38820549/)
  • [Nasdaq PR: HARMONi-2 PFS (2024-09)](https://www.nasdaq.com/press-release/ivonescimab-monotherapy-reduced-risk-disease-progression-or-death-49-compared)
  • [FiercePharma: HARMONi-2 OS / stock crash (2025-04)](https://www.fiercepharma.com/pharma/summit-stock-crashes-akeso-shares-bispecifics-first-overall-survival-data-keytruda-head-head)
  • [OncLive: NMPA approval #2 (2025-04-28)](https://www.onclive.com/view/ivonescimab-wins-nmpa-approval-in-china-for-first-line-pd-l1-advanced-nsclc)
  • [Biospace: HARMONi-3 interim OS miss (2025-10)](https://www.biospace.com/drug-development/summits-bispecific-misses-survival-endpoint-in-global-phase-iii-trial-but-analysts-remain-optimistic)
  • [Summit 10-Q: Western-patient PFS analysis](https://www.publicnow.com/view/14DA238BDACD2F37EB4EE19A2AD34E31281D1135)
  • [Summit PR: FDA BLA acceptance (2026-01-29)](https://content-archive.fast-edgar.com/20260129/AKZZC22CZ22SU2Z2222S22ZZHN3TZZGS7582/a2026_prx0129xfdablaacce.htm)
  • [Summit release / ASCO 2026: HARMONi-6 OS](https://www.tradeshownews.com/news/home/20260531161413/en/Ivonescimab-with-Chemotherapy-Demonstrated-a-Statistically-Significant-Overall-Survival-Benefit-Compared-to-Tislelizumab-Plus-Chemotherapy-in-1L-Treatment-of-Patients-with-Squamous-NSCLC-in-the-HARMONi-6-Study-Conducted-by-Akeso-in-China)
  • [The Lancet: HARMONi-6](https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0140673626009669)
  • [Morningstar/PR: NMPA approval #3 (2026-08-12)](https://www.morningstar.com/news/business-wire/20260812443578/ivonescimab-in-combination-with-chemotherapy-approved-in-china-by-nmpa-for-first-line-treatment-of-patients-with-squamous-non-small-cell-lung-cancer)
  • [thebiointel: HARMONi-6 survival signal weakens (reported, not independently verified)](https://www.thebiointel.com/article/summit-and-akeso-win-third-china-approval-for-ivonescimab-as-harmoni-6-survival-signal-weakens)
  • [Nasdaq: BioNTech–Biotheus acquisition (2024-11)](https://www.nasdaq.com/articles/biontech-acquire-biotheus-upfront-consideration-800m)
  • [European Biotechnology: BMS–BioNTech pumitamig deal (2025-06)](https://european-biotechnology.com/latest-news/super-deal-for-biontech-bms-licenses-potential-blockbuster-for-e10bn/)
  • [ImmuneOnco PR: IMM2510 rights returned (2026-01)](https://cn.immuneonco.com/news/gsdynamics/594.html)
  • [pharmaphorum: bintrafusp alfa phase III failure](https://pharmaphorum.com/news/gsk-merck-cos-hopeful-bintrafusp-alfa-fails-in-key-lung-cancer-trial)
  • [biopharmadive: are pharmas chasing the wrong target?](https://www.biopharmadive.com/news/pharma-merck-summit-vegf-pd1-drug-research-cancer/822035/)
  • [intelligencia: FDA risk analysis](https://www.intelligencia.ai/pd1-vegf-bispecifics-fda-risk-analysis/)
  • [Compass PR: CTX-10726 preclinical data](https://www.nasdaq.com/press-release/compass-therapeutics-presents-preclinical-data-ctx-10726-differentiated-pd-1-x-vegf)
  • [marketscreener: Crescent CR-001 ASCEND TiP](https://in.marketscreener.com/news/crescent-biopharma-announces-trial-in-progress-presentation-for-ascend-study-of-cr-001-a-pd-1-x-veg-ce7f5adfd98cf62c)
  • [Simcere announcement: SIM0689 IND (2026-06-12)](https://www.cnfin.com/announ/detail/index.html?id=834631705597&code=02096&dannoun=hkdetail&announ=hk)
  • [pharmaphorum: AZ interest rumor — unverified (unverified rumor)](https://pharmaphorum.com/news/summit-climbs-rumour-15bn-astrazeneca-interest)

本全景对应的研究工具需求: 人/食蟹猴/小鼠 PD-1 ECD(His/Fc/Avi-biotin)与 VEGF-A165/121 蛋白组合;通路对照(PD-L1 ECD、PD-L2、VEGFR1-Fc/VEGFR2-Fc);证明单分子共接合的序贯双结合 BLI/SPR 试剂;对帕博利珠单抗/纳武利尤单抗/贝伐珠单抗及 ivonescimab 类阳性对照的竞争与表位分型试剂盒;功能面板(PD-1/PD-L1 报告基因、T 细胞再激活、HUVEC 增殖/成管、双靶共培养)——正是双抗发现团队进入或对标该配对所需的完整工具包。

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